Article Sections

Introduction

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by excessive preoccupation with ≥1 perceived physical defects that appear nonexistent or minor to others and that result in compulsions (time-consuming, repetitive behaviors or mental acts).  Appearance concerns typically involve the head (eg, skin, hair, nose) and often result in seeking unnecessary cosmetic/surgical treatment to correct perceived flaws.  BDD is associated with poor quality of life, significant functional impairment, and a high rate of comorbid psychiatric conditions and suicidality.

Epidemiology and risk factors

The prevalence of BDD is estimated to be 2%-3% globally.  Prevalence rates are higher in certain clinical settings (eg, plastic surgery and dermatology clinics).  BDD is more common in females than males, and the onset of symptoms typically occurs before age 18.

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