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Introduction

Adjustment disorder is characterized by the development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor.  The stressor can be of any severity (eg, moving, death of a pet, cancer diagnosis).  Symptoms must start within 3 months of the stressful event and cause marked distress and/or functional impairment.  Adjustment disorder is a self-limiting condition, typically resolving without intervention within 6 months unless the stressor or its consequences are ongoing (eg, chronic illness, financial hardship after losing a job).

Epidemiology and risk factors

Adjustment disorder is common and constitutes approximately 5%-20% of outpatient psychiatric visits.  Prevalence is higher in patients with a chronic illness or condition (eg, cancer, burn injuries) as well as in migrants and refugees.

Risk factors that may influence the development of adjustment disorder after a stressful event include a preexisting psychiatric condition, adverse childhood event (eg, abuse, neglect), prior traumatic experience, a lack of resiliency/maladaptive coping strategies, and minimal social support.

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