Article Sections

Introduction

Persistent depressive disorder (PDD), previously known as dysthymic disorder, is characterized by a chronic depressed mood and at least 2 accompanying depressive symptoms that last at least 2 years.  There is symptom overlap with major depressive disorder (MDD), which can precede or co-occur with PDD if the quantity and duration of symptoms is sufficient (eg, ≥5 symptoms for at least 2 weeks).  Although PDD requires less depressive symptoms for diagnosis, it is associated with significant distress and functional impairment.

Epidemiology and risk factors

The estimated point prevalence rate of PDD is 2%.  Onset is typically in childhood or early adulthood, and PDD is about twice as common in women than men.

Several factors increase the risk of developing PDD, including a first-degree relative with depressive disorder, several psychological factors (eg, neuroticism, learned helplessness, personality disorder), and some environmental factors (eg, adverse childhood experiences, parental loss or separation).

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