Article Sections

Introduction

Gambling disorder is characterized by persistent and maladaptive gambling behavior (ie, risking something of value in an attempt to gain something of higher value) that results in impairment or distress.  It is considered a nonsubstance behavioral addiction and shares many features (eg, anticipatory craving, chronic relapsing course) with substance use disorders.

Epidemiology and risk factors

The estimated 12-month prevalence of gambling disorder is 0.1-0.7%.  Onset typically occurs in adolescence or young adulthood.  Men are more commonly affected than women (2:1 ratio).

Several factors increase the risk of developing gambling disorder, including a first degree relative with gambling disorder or alcohol use disorder; a personal history of depressive or anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and/or substance use disorder; and participation in gambling behaviors as a child or adolescent, lower socioeconomic status, and close proximity to gambling facilities.

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