Article Sections

Introduction

Valproate, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine are anticonvulsants used in the treatment of bipolar disorder due to their mood-stabilizing effects.  Each of these drugs has unique pharmacologic properties, clinical indications, and safety profiles.  Lithium and antipsychotics, which are also treatments for bipolar disorder, are discussed in separate articles.

Valproate

Indications

Valproate is used in bipolar disorder to treat acute mania, either as monotherapy or in combination with an antipsychotic.  It can be used for maintenance treatment to prevent further mood episodes.  Valproate is also used to treat seizures and migraines.

Pharmacology

Valproate, also known as valproic acid (valproate's protonated form), has several mechanisms of action that contribute to its wide range of therapeutic effects, including seizure control and mood stabilization ( Table 1):

  • Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, reducing neuronal excitation (

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Tables

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