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Introduction

Corneal abrasion refers to a disruption or defect in the corneal surface epithelium (the transparent outermost layer of the cornea), usually from a minor trauma to the eye.  It is a common ocular injury that causes significant pain.  Most corneal abrasions heal well with prompt treatment, but complications such as secondary infection are possible if abrasions are not managed appropriately.

Pathophysiology and risk factors

Corneal abrasions most often result from a superficial, mechanical injury (eg, scratch) that disrupts the integrity of the corneal epithelium.

Traumatic causes include:

  • Direct injury to the cornea (eg, from fingernails, a tree branch, a makeup applicator, or paper)
  • Foreign bodies (eg, sand, dirt, debris), which may lodge beneath the eyelid or within the cornea
  • Improper contact lens use (eg, extended wear, poor hygiene, tight fitting), which causes localized injury to the underlying epithelium

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