Article Sections

Introduction

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) are distinct ophthalmic emergencies that can lead to sudden, painless vision loss.  Although both conditions involve the occlusion of central retinal vessels, their pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management differ significantly.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)

Pathogenesis

The central retinal artery is one of the first branches of the ophthalmic artery, which originates from the internal carotid artery.  The retinal artery perfuses the inner retina and surface of the optic nerve (CN II).  Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) occurs when the central retinal artery is suddenly occluded, typically by an atherosclerotic embolus from the ipsilateral carotid artery ( Figure 1).  The resulting ischemia of the optic nerve and retina clinically manifests as a sudden onset of painless vision loss.

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