Article Sections

Introduction

Conjunctivitis, also known as "pink eye," refers to inflammation of the conjunctiva, the transparent mucous membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner surfaces of the eyelids.  It is one of the most common ocular conditions, presenting with redness, irritation, and discharge.  Etiologically, conjunctivitis is typically classified as viral, bacterial, or allergic, although other less common causes exist.  Differences in clinical presentation can elucidate the diagnosis and determine the appropriate management.

Pathophysiology

The conjunctiva is the transparent membrane lining the inside surface of the eyelid (tarsal conjunctiva) and globe (bulbar conjunctiva) ( Image 1).  It contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and immune cells, all of which contribute to the inflammatory process when stimulated.  Hyperemia of conjunctival blood vessels resulting from inflammation (eg, infection, immune-mediated responses) causes the conjunctiva to appear diffusely red.

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