Cervical Dysplasia And Cancer
Article Sections
Introduction
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a premalignant lesion that arises from the epithelial cells of the cervix. Cervical cancer is the progression of CIN with invasion through the basement membrane. It is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. The primary cause of cervical dysplasia and cancer is persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, making it one of the most preventable cancers through vaccination and screening.
Cervical anatomy and histology
The cervix is lined by 2 types of epithelia:
- Stratified squamous (nonkeratinized) epithelium lines the ectocervix, which protrudes into the vagina and is visible on speculum examination.
- Simple columnar epithelium lines the endocervix, which contains mucus-secreting glands and consists of the endocervical canal that runs from the external os to the internal os.
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