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Introduction

Norovirus, a leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide, is a highly contagious virus transmitted via the fecal-oral route.  Infection affects people of all ages and is particularly prevalent in closed, crowded environments.  Symptoms include vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and fatigue.

Pathogenesis

Norovirus is a small, nonenveloped RNA virus that is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route, most often through person-to-person contact or contact with contaminated surfaces.  Infection can also occur through the consumption of contaminated food or water, including items such as raw shellfish, leafy greens, and fresh fruits.  Norovirus is highly contagious and particularly virulent for the following reasons:

  • Low infectious dose:  Only a small number of viral particles are required to cause infection,  which explains why outbreaks are common in closed or crowded environments.

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