Article Sections

Introduction

Diarrhea is defined as the passage of loose or watery stools with increased frequency, typically >3 times per day.  It can result from abnormal intestinal absorption, increased intestinal fluid secretion, or excessive motility in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.  Diarrhea classification, which has implications for likely etiology, can be based on duration: acute, persistent (prolonged), or chronic.  Understanding the underlying pathophysiology helps guide the diagnostic approach and management.

Conceptual approach

Diarrhea can be categorized based on duration:

  • Acute diarrhea (<14-day duration):  This type is typically infectious in origin and self-limited.  Viral pathogens are more likely than bacterial or parasitic illness.
  • Persistent (prolonged) diarrhea (eg, 14- to 30-day duration):  Infections remain common, but as duration increases, noninfectious causes become increasingly likely.
  • Chronic diarrhea

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