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Introduction

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear without signs of acute infection (eg, tympanic membrane bulging, marked erythema).  OME is most commonly seen in children, often following an episode of acute otitis media (AOM); however, it may also occur in adults, typically in association with eustachian tube dysfunction.

Pathogenesis

A middle ear effusion occurs when serous or mucoid fluid accumulates in the middle ear space.  This commonly occurs after an episode of AOM (even when the infection is treated) ( Figure 1).  The buildup of fluid within the middle ear exerts pressure on the tympanic membrane, reducing its ability to vibrate and transmit sound to the ossicles.  The resultant conductive hearing loss is typically mild and transient, resolving within a few weeks as the effusion resorbs.

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Figures

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Tables

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